What are the Three Financial Statements?

The financial statements are comprised of the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows. They are usually issued as a group to the management team, investors, creditors, lenders, and other interested parties. The statements are as follows:

Income statement. The income statement describes the revenues, expenses, and profit or loss generated by an organization for a designated reporting period. It shows the outcome of an organization’s revenue-generating activities.
Balance sheet. The balance sheet shows its assets, liabilities, and equity as of the reporting date. It is useful for examining an organization’s liquidity and level of financial stability.
Statement of cash flows. The statement of cash flows reveals the sources and uses of its cash during the reporting period.

What is the Relationship Between the Three Financial Statements?

The financial statements are interrelated in several ways, as noted in the following bullet points:

The net income figure in the income statement is added to the retained earnings line item in the balance sheet, which alters the amount of equity listed on the balance sheet.
The net income figure also appears as a line item in the cash flows from operating activities section of the statement of cash flows.
Changes in various line items in the balance sheet roll forward into the cash flow line items listed on the statement of cash flows. For example, an increase in the outstanding amount of a loan appears in both the liabilities section of the balance sheet (as an ongoing balance) and in the cash flows from financing activities section of the statement of cash flows (in the amount of the incremental change).
The ending cash balance in the balance sheet also appears in the statement of cash flows.
The purchase, sale, or other disposition of assets appears on both the balance sheet (as an asset reduction) and the income statement (as a gain or loss, if any).

In short, the financial statements are highly interrelated. Consequently, when reviewing the financial statements of an organization, one should examine all of the financial statements in order to obtain a complete picture of its financial situation.