Book inventory definition

What is Book Inventory?

Book inventory is the cost of inventory on hand, as stated in an organization's accounting records. It includes the cost of all types of inventory, including raw materials, work-in-process, finished goods, and merchandise. Book inventory is usually tracked in real time, where the warehouse staff is constantly recording adjustments for received goods, shipped goods, distributions to and from the production area, and counting adjustments. These recordation activities will not always accurately reflect the actual number of units on hand, so the warehouse staff may conduct daily cycle counts to verify that the book balance matches the on-hand balance. Cycle counts involve counting a small proportion of the inventory every day, so that the entire inventory is counted on a regular basis.

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Reasons for Book Inventory Variances

The current book inventory amount is compared to the actual inventory on hand to see if there are any discrepancies in the accounting records, which can indicate procedural or control problems that should be corrected. Differences between book inventory and actual inventory can have a number of causes, including the following:

  • The theft of inventory

  • Inventory receipts that were not recorded in the accounting records

  • Inventory sales that were not recorded in the accounting records

  • Inventory that has been recorded using the wrong unit of measure

  • Inventory that has been recorded using the wrong part number

  • Inventory that was sent out on consignment, and removed from the accounting records

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